A rare underwater eruption at Hunga Tonga sent water vapor into Earth’s atmosphere, cooling the stratosphere and reshaping ...

The Hidden Climate Power of Sulfur Dioxide When massive volcanic eruptions occur, they inject millions of tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, where it forms sulfate aerosols that scatter ...

Gold and other precious metals are leaking from Earth’s core into the layers above, eventually making their way up to the surface during the formation of volcanic islands like Hawaii, a new study ...

“This process can be likened to a bottle of sparkling water containing dissolved volatiles that exolve when the bottle is ...