IperionX pilot titanium facility in Salt Lake City, Utah, built with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy's ARPA-E program. I always have an eye out for major manufacturing process innovations ...

Up to about 1870 railroad rails were made of iron because the cost of making steel in quantity was prohibitive. Then the converters invented by Henry Bessemer got going and steel became much cheaper.

If you enjoyed this article, I’d like to ask for your support. Scientific American has served as an advocate for science and industry for 180 years, and right now may be the most critical moment in ...