Two-photon absorption (2PA) is a third-order non-linear optical process in which a molecule simultaneously absorbs two photons of lower energy to reach an excited electronic state. This phenomenon has ...

In a development that could reshape the future of microelectronics, optics, and biomedicine, researchers from Jinan University, in collaboration with the Institute of Chemistry at the Chinese Academy ...

Photonic systems are quickly gaining traction in many emerging applications, including optical communications, lidar sensing, and medical imaging. However, the widespread adoption of photonics in ...

A cutting-edge experiment has revealed the quantum dynamics of one of nature's most crucial processes. Using a complex cast of metal-studded pigments, proteins, enzymes, and co-enzymes, photosynthetic ...

These applications put forward stringent fabrication requirements, including dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy, and surface roughness. Two-photon lithography is a versatile technique capable of ...

X-ray backscatter AIT uses a narrow beam of X-ray photons with energies, hv, less than 100 keV. 2 There are five basic interactions that can occur as X rays penetrate material. These are the ...