Pseudomyrmex spinicola ants feeding on nectar produced from extrafloral nectaries, located at the base of the leaves of swollen-thorn acacias (Vachellia collinsii). In this obligate mutualistic ...

Watch the Video Click here to watch on YouTube Quick Take Symbiotic relationships can be mutual, one-sided, or parasitic. In ...

Nature abounds with examples of mutualistic relationships. Think of bees pollinating flowers whose nectar nourishes the bees, or clownfish that fight off predators of anemones that in turn provide ...

Research on bark and wood-boring beetles and their mutualistic interactions with microorganisms is rapidly evolving, driven by the need to understand the ...

Mutually beneficial relationships are common, but what happens when one partner stops enforcing the other's good behavior? An exception to the usual relationship between figs and their ...

Reakirt's blue butterflies were moving among the flower heads of white clover in my lawn. I presumed that they were nectaring, but I watched closely and discovered that they were ovipositing. They ...

Out in the British countryside, the examples of mutualism are as multifarious as they are marvellous. Take, for starters, a hypothetical good old meadow with ant hills strewn like grassy scatter ...

Ant-acacia plants attract ants by offering specialized food and hollow thorns in which the ants live, while the ant colony in turn defends its acacia against herbivores. This mutualistic relationship ...