In a previous essay called " Dominance in relation to age, sex, and competitive contexts in a group of free-ranging domestic dogs " by some of the same researchers, including Roberto Bonanni, we read, ...

Dogs are often misunderstood by their human companions, especially when it comes to behavior that might be perceived as dominance. This guide explores ten common behaviors that are often misjudged, ...

"Taken together, all these studies support the view that dominance hierarchies are common in domestic dogs. Furthermore, they strongly contradict the previously held notion of lack of social structure ...